1. Niagara, An Aboriginal Center Of Trade
The printed story of Niagara dates back only three centuries; and during the first three decades of even that period the references to this wonderful handiwork of Nature--which was located in a then unexplored region of a New World, a Continent then inhabited only by warring tribes of superstitious Savages--are few and far between.
Three facts relating to this locality--and three only--seem to be proven as ante-dating the commencement of that printed story.
That its "Portage" had long been in use.
That it was then, and long had been, a spot for the annual assemblage of the Indians "for trade."
That here, and here only, was found a certain substance which the Aborigines had long regarded as a cure for many human ills.
Before 1600, everything else that we think we know, and like to quote about Niagara, is only Indian Myth or Tradition; possibly handed down for Ages, orally, from generation to generation, amongst the Aborigines; or, quite as probable, it is the invention of some Indian or White man Mythologist of recent times; the presumption in favor of the latter being strengthened, when no mention of the legend, not even the slightest reference thereto, is to be found in any of the writings of any of the authors, who (either through personal visits to the Tribes living comparatively near to the Cataract, or from narrations told to them by Indians living elsewhere on this Continent) had learnt their facts at first hand, and had then duly recorded them,--until long after the beginning of the eighteenth Century.
It is probably to the latter class--modern traditions--even with all their plausibilities, based upon the superstitious and stoical nature of the Aborigines--that several of the best-known Legends concerning Niagara belong.
Three of those legends, especially, appeal to the imagination. One relates to Worship, one to Healing, one to Burial,--embracing the Deity, Disease, and Death.
The Legend of Worship is the inhuman yet fascinating one that the Onguiaahras (one of the earliest-known orthographies of the word Niagara), who were a branch of the Neutrals, and dwelt in the immediate vicinity of the Great Fall--and, according to Indian custom, took their name from the chief physical feature of their territory--long followed the custom of annually sacrificing to the Great Spirit "the fairest maiden of the Tribe"; sending her, alive, over the Falls in a white canoe (which was decked with fruits and flowers, and steered by her own hand) as a special offering to the Deity for tribal favor, and for protection against its more numerous and more powerful foes.
And that, at the time of this annual Sacrifice, the tribes from far and near assembled at Niagara, there to worship the Great Spirit. If this Legend is based on fact, it would certainly have made the locality a famous place of annual rendezvous; and at such a rendezvous the opportunities for the exchange of many and varied commodities--"trade"--would surely not have been neglected.
The Legend of Healing is, that anyone, Brave or Squaw, if ill, would quickly be restored to perfect health could they but reach the base of the Falls, go in behind the sheet of falling waters,--entering, as it were, the abode of the Great Spirit,--and, on emerging therefrom, be able to behold a complete circular Rainbow--which should symbolize the Deity's absolute promise of restoration to perfect health.
THE MAIDEN SACRIFICEOf course, it was the difficulty and danger of descending into the Gorge, and of scaling the face of the cliff in returning--accomplishable in those days only by means of vines which clung to the rocks, or by crude ladders (formed of long trunks of trees, from which all branches had been lopped off about a foot from the trunk, and set upright, close to the face of the cliff)--that lends any plausibility to the legend.
The Legend of Burial was, that Goat Island was specially reserved as a burying-ground for famous chiefs and noted warriors.
If this Legend was founded on fact, it certainly would have made Niagara at that time one of the best known and most frequented spots on the Continent; and at each visit for such burial, trade would doubtless have been carried on.